- The particulate nature of matter.
- Atoms, elements, compounds, and mixtures.
- Stoichiometry and mole calculations.
- Chemical bonding: ionic, covalent, and metallic.
- Periodic trends and properties of groups.
- The reactivity series of metals.
- Properties of transition elements.
- Acids, bases, and salts.
- Energetics of chemical reactions.
- Rates of reaction and collision theory.
- Reversible reactions and chemical equilibria.
- Redox reactions and electrolysis.
- Homologous series: alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, and carboxylic acids.
- Isomerism and naming conventions.
- Properties and reactions of organic compounds.
- Macromolecules and polymerization.
- Air and water chemistry.
- Key industrial processes (Haber, Contact).
- Analysis and identification of ions and gases.
- Environmental chemistry and pollution.